GitLab CI/CD 파이프라인 완전 가이드

# .gitlab-ci.yml

stages:
  - test
  - build
  - deploy

variables:
  NODE_VERSION: "20"
  IMAGE_NAME: $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE

# 잡 정의
lint:
  stage: test
  image: node:20-alpine
  script:
    - npm ci
    - npm run lint

test:
  stage: test
  image: node:20-alpine
  script:
    - npm ci
    - npm test
  coverage: '/Liness*:s*(d+.d+)%/'
  artifacts:
    reports:
      coverage_report:
        coverage_format: cobertura
        path: coverage/cobertura-coverage.xml

stages:
  - test       # 병렬 실행
  - build      # test 완료 후
  - staging    # build 완료 후
  - production # 수동 승인 후

build-image:
  stage: build
  image: docker:24
  services:
    - docker:24-dind
  script:
    - docker login -u $CI_REGISTRY_USER -p $CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD $CI_REGISTRY
    - docker build -t $IMAGE_NAME:$CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA .
    - docker push $IMAGE_NAME:$CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA
  only:
    - main
    - develop

deploy-staging:
  stage: staging
  environment:
    name: staging
    url: https://staging.example.com
  script:
    - kubectl set image deployment/myapp myapp=$IMAGE_NAME:$CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA
  only:
    - develop

deploy-production:
  stage: production
  environment:
    name: production
    url: https://example.com
  script:
    - kubectl set image deployment/myapp myapp=$IMAGE_NAME:$CI_COMMIT_TAG
  when: manual           # 수동 승인 필요
  only:
    - tags

# 캐시 — 잡 간 재사용 (node_modules 등)
cache:
  key: $CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG
  paths:
    - node_modules/
    - .npm/

# 아티팩트 — 잡 간 파일 전달 + 다운로드 가능
build:
  script:
    - npm run build
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - dist/
    expire_in: 1 week    # 보관 기간

# 아티팩트 사용
deploy:
  dependencies:
    - build
  script:
    - ls dist/           # build 잡의 아티팩트 사용 가능

test:
  script: npm test
  rules:
    - if: '$CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == "merge_request_event"'
    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main"'
    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_TAG'
      when: never        # 태그에서는 실행 안 함

# 파일 변경 시에만 실행
backend-test:
  script: npm test
  rules:
    - changes:
        - src/**/*
        - package.json

# Runner 설치 (Ubuntu)
curl -L https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/runner/gitlab-runner/script.deb.sh | sudo bash
sudo apt install -y gitlab-runner

# GitLab 프로젝트 → Settings → CI/CD → Runners에서 토큰 확인
sudo gitlab-runner register   --url https://gitlab.com   --registration-token YOUR_TOKEN   --executor docker   --docker-image alpine:latest   --description "my-runner"

# 상태 확인
sudo gitlab-runner status
sudo gitlab-runner list