Nginx Web Server Basics and Reverse Proxy

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y nginx
sudo systemctl enable --now nginx
sudo nginx -t          # check configuration syntax
sudo nginx -s reload

/etc/nginx/
├── nginx.conf
├── sites-available/
│   └── myapp.conf
└── sites-enabled/
    └── myapp.conf -> ../sites-available/myapp.conf

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;

    root /var/www/html;
    index index.html;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
    }

    location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
        expires 30d;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }

    gzip on;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name api.example.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;

        proxy_set_header Host              $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP         $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For   $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

        proxy_connect_timeout 30s;
        proxy_read_timeout    60s;
    }
}

upstream backend {
    least_conn;
    server 10.0.0.1:3000 weight=3;
    server 10.0.0.2:3000;
    server 10.0.0.3:3000 backup;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend;
    }
}

add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff";
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000" always;
server_tokens off;

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/myapp.conf \
           /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo nginx -t && sudo systemctl reload nginx