Mounting NFS and Disks on Linux: Persistent /etc/fstab Entries with UUIDs, NFS Clients, and Bind Mounts

# Check current mount status
mount | column -t
df -hT

# Manual mount
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/data

# Specify filesystem type
sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/data
sudo mount -t xfs  /dev/sdb2 /mnt/data2

# Unmount
sudo umount /mnt/data

# Check if in use
sudo lsof +D /mnt/data
sudo fuser -m /mnt/data

# fstab format
# <device>  <mount point>  <type>  <options>  <dump>  <pass>

# Check UUID (mount by UUID so device-name changes don't break the mount)
sudo blkid /dev/sdb1
lsblk -f

# /etc/fstab example
UUID=a1b2c3d4-e5f6-...  /mnt/data  ext4  defaults,noatime  0  2
UUID=b2c3d4e5-f6a7-...  /mnt/ssd   xfs   defaults          0  2

# Test fstab (actually mounts)
sudo mount -a

# A specific entry only
sudo mount /mnt/data

# Install
sudo apt install -y nfs-kernel-server

# Set up the shared directory
sudo mkdir -p /srv/nfs/shared
sudo chown nobody:nogroup /srv/nfs/shared

# Configure /etc/exports
sudo nano /etc/exports

# /etc/exports
/srv/nfs/shared  192.168.1.0/24(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)
/srv/nfs/shared  10.0.0.5(ro,sync)          # Read-only for a specific IP
/srv/nfs/shared  *(ro)                       # Read-only for everyone (use with caution)

# Apply NFS server config
sudo exportfs -ra
sudo systemctl enable --now nfs-kernel-server

# List exports
sudo exportfs -v
showmount -e localhost

sudo apt install -y nfs-common

# Manual mount
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/nfs/shared
sudo mount -t nfs 192.168.1.100:/srv/nfs/shared /mnt/nfs/shared

# Performance options
sudo mount -t nfs -o rsize=8192,wsize=8192,timeo=14,intr   192.168.1.100:/srv/nfs/shared /mnt/nfs/shared

# Persistent mount (fstab)
echo "192.168.1.100:/srv/nfs/shared  /mnt/nfs/shared  nfs  defaults,nofail,_netdev  0  0"   | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

# Apply
sudo mount -a

# tmpfs — RAM-backed temporary filesystem
sudo mount -t tmpfs -o size=512m tmpfs /mnt/tmpdir
# fstab: tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,size=1g 0 0

# bind mount — remount a directory at another path
sudo mount --bind /var/www/html /mnt/webroot
# fstab: /var/www/html /mnt/webroot none bind 0 0

# read-only remount
sudo mount -o remount,ro /mnt/data

# Diagnose mount errors
dmesg | tail -20
journalctl -k | grep -i "nfs|mount|ext4"